Grammar



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1 - Definite & Indefinite
:


BaytuN = A House.


(taNween - a letter Nuun at the end of the word)

[Indefinite i.e. not a specific house.]



AL
BaytU = THE House


(No taNween - Nuun at the end of the word).

[Definite i.e. The (specific) house.]




2 - Adjectives come After Nouns:

In Arabic: Adjectives/Description words come AFTER the Noun/object [in English it is the opposite].


INDEFINITE
(no AL [=not a specific object]);

a - Put the english word 'A' before it.
I.e. - BaytuSagheeru =  A Small House.

b -
put the english word 'Is / Are' before it.

I.e. AL Baytu -Sagheeru = THE House - IS small.



DEFINITE
:


AL = THE
(Specific object.);


a - i.e. AL Baytu- sagheer = THE House is small.

b - baytu AL Sagheer = the SMALL house.

c - AL baytu AL sagheeru = THE SMALL HOUSE.

d - AL baytu Sagheeru wa qaSeeru = THE house is Small and Short.





3 - Proper Nouns

Proper Nouns (i.e. Names for Humans or 'official names to other beings') don't apply to Rule 1.


Differentiating between Male and Female Names?


a - Male Proper Nouns are maRfu' [Damma/peysh on last root letter] andtaNween (letter Nuun at the end).

I.e. HaaMiDUN. (a male called HaaMiD.) ShaahidUN etc.



b - FemaleProper Nouns do NOT have taNween (letter Nuun at the end) But they have a Ta marboota attached at the end and are in maRfu' state [=
ةُ ].

I.e. AaminatU (a female called Aaminah), Aa'ishatU etc..


c - Male Names (Proper Nouns) with a Tamarboota [=
ةُ ] at the end are similar to rule 3b.

I.e. HamzaTU,UsaamaTU,Mu'aawiyaTU.


[NOTE: You might wonder how you can differentiate these Male names if they are in the female form?
The simple answer is that you will have to find out if they are Masculine words through asking or looking in dictionaries.]



d - Non Arabic Proper Nouns have no taNween.

(i.e. LundunU (London), or even non-arab Prophet names; Isma'eelU, IbraheemU etc.)



Exception
: If a non Arabic Proper Noun is; Masculine& consists of 3 letters, it has a taNween.

i.e. Nuwh - NuwhuN (Noah).




4 - See and memorize the maRfu' / maNsub / maJrur useages:


In the I'rab index page.




5 - Na't (
نَعت) [Adjective/Description word] & maN'oot (منعُوت) [the Noun/object Described].


In a sentence, the Na't and maN'oot  will  be the same in;

a - Definite or Indefinite form (AL or no AL.)
b - Gender.
c - Case (maRfu'/maNsub/maJrur.)


i.e. ayna - AL-baytU AL-kabeerU  = where is THE Big House?

[Both the Noun & Description are: Definite [AL], Masculine, and in the Case of maRfu' (Damma/peysh on 3rd root letter)] 



Exception
: Adjectives ending in ___AAN (
اَن__) have no taNween.

I.e. Jaw'AANu [جَوآن] (Hungry), aTshAANu [اطشآن] (Thirsty), malAANu [مَلآن] (Full) etc.





6 - MuDaf (Possessed i.e. Owned), and MuDaf ilayh (Possessed to him = Possessor).


MuDaf (Possessed i.e. owned).


i.e. baytUllahi = House of Allah.
[baytU is the House (the Subject being discussed) so it is in maRfu' form]


Mudaf ilayh (Possessor)


I.e. baytuUllahI = House of Allah.
(Ullahi is Allah with a kasra/zeyr on the last letter/Jarr form = shows that Allah possesses it i.e. it is Allah's house.)


Examples
:

a - BaytU-aL imaamI = A House (of) the Imam (leader).

b - BaytU-aL imaamI - KabeerU = A House (of) the Imam - is Big.


c - trick question:
BaytU-aL imaamI kabeerI = A house (of) the Big Imam.

(Adjective [Na't] and Noun [maN'oot] is in same form because - see rule 5).




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