بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

Bismillahi ar-Rahmanar-Raheem.

With the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficient, the Extremely Merciful.

 

Bayyinah - Divine Speech - Student Dictionary


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LetterAlif- ا


ا
Allah الله - God :
There is a difference of opinion on whether Allah is originally an Arabic word, or from a non Arabic origin;


A - Ishtiqaaqwords(Mushtaq) -
Words which have an origin from another word.

B - Asmaa al-Jamida- words which are
original words without being derived fromother words.Unique by itself.



A - The Mushtaq Opinion - (that the word Allah comes from other words);


Allah comes from إله Illaah.

Al أل + Illaah إله= Allaahالله.


Alaha/ya'lahu - to worship.
Illaah - one who is worshipped.


Aliha أله- this word is used when a child is thirsty and desperately seeking his mother for milk.


So Illaah =one who is worshipped, obeyed and who people desperatelyturn to [ilha]. Going to someone is 'ilayh' [to him].

This is the origin of Illaah. There is none to turn to except He.



B - Jamid view- the word Allah is an Original Word without a Root word:

1 - Other scholars say Allah is the Universal word for Allah (without coming from the root word Illah), in every language. So everyMessenger sent by Allah said that Allah is God, no matter whatlanguage they spoke the message in.

I.e. Even in Aramaic, and Hebrew - the word Eloah אלוהּ[in Hebrew] and Ellah [in Aramaic]
were used for God. Similarly, Elohim is used like we say Allahumma ["Oh Allah"] in arabic.


2 - It would be Linguistically Incorrect to say Ya Allah!(O Allah!)Al + Illaah = Allah.
when you call someone, you place a Yaa before that.

I.e. Ya Raheem (O Especially Merciful (one))


However, you can never place a AL before it. I.e. Ya AL Raheem- since that is linguistically incorrect.

It can either be; AL Raheem, or YA Raheem.

So they argue that if Allah is made up of the word Al + Illah, then it does not make linguistic sense to say "Ya Al Illah/Allah!"

No Arab would say this due to wrong grammar, so it is possible that Allah is not made up of the wordings; Al + Illaah.



3- Allah is unique in the way it is pronounced.

Normally when Alif and Lam are placed together, they make a light
sound. I.e. Alif and Lam would be pronounced as A-llaa.


However, the word Allah is pronounced with a heavier sound. Ie. as Al-laa.

This is against normal arabic grammatic speech andpronunciation.So it is possible this word is Universal, and not of an arabic origin.



Final Comment:

maMnoo'a min al Sarf ممنوع من الصرف - When a word comes from another language and enters into the Arabic language, you cannot place a; Fat-ha [zabar/Asound], Damma [peysh/U], or Kasra [zeyr/I] on it.

However, Allah does place a Kasra (I sound) on His Name in the ayah;


وَمَنْ أَصْدَقُ مِنَ اللَّهِقِيلًا

wa man asdaqu minAllahiqeela
- and who is truer in speech than Allah?

[surah an-Nisa 4:122]


So how can this have a Kasra [zeyr/I sound] on it, while not being an Arabic word?

The scholars reply that Allah is recognised in every culture and
nation. So He is known, and this is why the word has become recognised as an Arabic word (معربmu'rab ).


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LetterHamza: -

أ

ا - A / I can be used as;


1 - a Prefix [at the beginning of a word], an independent word for1st person speech* [i.e. I / Me].

2- also used - as a independent word
(usually at the beginning of a phrase/sentence) - to signify a Question in a sentence.


3 - As
a prefix which maximizes a words strength [hyperbole(in masculine form)] i.e. Akbar [Ultimate great], Afdal [Ultimate blessing] etc.

Feminine words hyperbole/maximum form: has a letter Ya ي placed at the end instead, i.e. kubrA -كبري[ultimate great],



*Other Prefixes for Persons';

ا - A - 1st person [I /Me etc.]
ت - T - 2nd person [You] / or 3rd person [She]
ن - N - 1st person. [Us/We etc.]
ي - Y - 3rd person. [He/they].



أب - Abu - Father- this is more than just a biological father [walid], rather - it is a father who has lookaftered you and given you an upbringing.

Related words;
وَالِد- Walid - Father - one who fathered you (i.e. biological father).



مَآبًا - Ma'aaba - a Place of continuous return.

لِّلطَّاغِينَمَآبًا
For the transgressors, [Hell] a place of return, [Naba' 78:22]
A place that they will have to keep going back to. This illustrates they are going to try to escape from hell, but they keep being sucked back in.




ابرم- Ibram - tie a knot to uphold/keep firm something firmly, i.e. Your shoelaces. Or the Arabs in the past would tie ropes to the foundation beams of a building, and these knots would keep the beams firm - so the house could be built upon this foundation.

أَمْ أَبْرَمُوا أَمْرًا فَإِنَّا مُبْرِمُونَ
Have they tied their knot in their plan [of disbelief]? Then surely We [Allah] have tied ourknot/plan [of sealing/knotting their destiny in the hellfire].
[mentioned in Zukhruf 43:79]




إبِلِ - Ibl = Camel [collective / plural - Camels].

Related:
جمل- Jamal - is Camel [singular].




أُوتِيَ - oowtiya is different to يأتى yu'ta (present tense).
Oowtiya
أوتي(past tense) - has been given.




آثَرَ- Aathara - Preference.i.e. preferring this life over the next [Aathara al hayaat al-Dunya 'ala al Aakhirah]


أَثِيم -Atheem-Ithm إثم (commonly translated as 'sin') - in the original form - an attitude which prevents you from doing good things.

Related words;
ذنب Dhanb - embarrassing sin.Dhanb- dhanab= tail of an animal.What comes out of the behind is very bad. i.e. the tail is the behind, where animal excretion comes out from







Ahad and Wahid both imply the meaning of One. Because the word [Hadd ] حد
implies a meaning of 'placing a limit' and restricting to 'one'.


أَحَدٌ-Ahad is used exclusively in the Negative sense only.
واحد- Wahid is used in the Positive sense only.

i.e. Laysa ahadmawjoodan fee al masjid- there isnotOne person in the Mosque [it is empty].

Laysa wahid mawjoodan fee al masjid - there isnot Onein the Mosque [but there are alot (morethan one) people in the Mosque].


The only exception to this is when describing Allah in surah Ikhlas;

Ahad:- Unique.The One[Allah] who cannot have any comparison, a sole unique entitywho does not have anequal or competitor in any way. He does not have a 2nd or affiliate.

Wahidaffirms Allah's Oneness, while Ahadaffirms Allah's Uniqueness.






أُخْدُودِ- Ukhdood - Akhadeed أخديد (plural)
A rectangular ditched shape dug in the ground, and it is very large. These are the properties of the Ukhdood.

[mentioned in surah Burooj 85:4]






آخِرَةَ- Akhirah[from Aakhir آخر] - what comes after.

Antonym;
أُولَىٰ- oowla - Awal أول - what comes earlier.





أدري - Adreey- a Clue to make you comprehend something else. i.e. wa ma adraaka..[and what will give you a clue?]

Similar words;
علم- 'Ilm - Certain Knowledge.



إِذَ- Idh- When (past tense)
إِذَا- Idhaa - When (future tense)




أَذِنَتْ - Adhinat: -

can come from
idhn إذن- permission.
or Adhn أذن- listen carefully.

Given
permission... / Has listened carefully..




أَرَائِك- Araa'ik [plural] - Areeka أريك [singular] - a large couch full of cushions.

عَلَىالْأَرَائِكِيَنظُرُونَ
On Thrones (of Dignity) will they command a sight (of all things):[Mutaffifeen 83:23]



أراد- Araada - ureedun أريد (to intend). This intention might just stay in your head but it isnt as firm as Shaa'a.

Similar words;
شاء - shaa'a to intend [mashya مشي ] - shay'unشيعن- ( a thing) a Solid intention. As solid as a physical thing itself (shay' شيع.



أَرْسَا- Irsaa - means to put an anchor down in a large ship.The mountains are like anchors, cannot just demolish, they are fixed constructions. Irsaa is also used for pegging.

وَالْجِبَالَأَرْسَاهَا
And the mountains He set firmly[Nazi'at 79:32]

Similar words;

أَوْتَادًاAwtaad - Pitching tents; it was very common in the past. Allah says He made the mountains as pegs [Naba'78:7]. The tent is known by the most important element – the peg.





أَرْضِ - Ardd - Earth.





إغارة-igharah - to ambush, attack, or be right on top of.

Literally produces an image of someone Hovering over the enemy.

Igharah- also implies to attack an enemy, rob them secretly, or pillage and kill.

Someone who would do that would be;مغيرهMugheerah.

---
[mentioned in; surah Aaadiyaat 100:3]
[similar to; Aduw/Adiy عدو- an opposing enemy]




أفق - Ufuq - (literally =) Corner. [afaaqأفاق(plural) - Corners]

وَلَقَدْ رَآهُ بِالْأُفُقِالْمُبِينِ
He [Prophet Muhammad] saw him [Angel Jibreel] in the clearest cornerof the horizon.[Takweer 81:23]

On the clearest horizon -Ufuq - where the sky and the earth meet (in human vision).





أكل - Akl- any type of food, including food for animals.

Similar to;
طَعَامِ- ta'aam-food which is more suitable for human beings.



إلهام- Ilhaam- usually refers to action which is secretly inspired.

(i.e. فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَاهَا- And [Allah] inspired it[the human Nafs] (with conscience of) what (action) is wrong for it and (what actions are) right for it.
[ash-Shams 91:8]
---
[similar words; وهيWahy - inspired knowledge or wisdom]




الذي- Aladhee - Who - the one/s who are specifically being discussed. i.e. Aladheenaaamanoo [those who believe].


Similar to;
Man - من - who - can be generally used for anyone. [i.e.مَنْ أَشَدُّ مِنَّا قُوَّةً - Whois stronger than us? [Fussilat 41:15]]




ألفه- Alaffah- Ta'alafahتألفه - to bring things together.
- Al-lafaأَلَّفَ - cause love to happen between two people/groups.

ۚ وَاذْكُرُوا نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ كُنتُمْ أَعْدَاءً فَأَلَّفَبَيْنَ قُلُوبِكُمْفَأَصْبَحْتُم بِنِعْمَتِهِ إِخْوَانًا
..And remember the favor of Allah upon you - when you were enemies and Heunited your hearts togetherand you became, by His favor, brothers...
[aal Imraan 3:103]

Ta/leef تأليف - to make love happen gradually.


Related words;
إِيلَافِ - Eelaaf- Ulfa ألفا - to have a soft heart and make feelings of affection towards someone.
[mentioned in surah Quraysh 106:1]

Eelaaf إيلاف - to make love happen immediately.




أمي -Umiy [= illiterate (unable to read)] - from the word Um أم - Mother - you do not know how to read or write - the same way you did not know the day you were born from your mother.




أَمِينِ- Ameen - entrusted/peaceful.



أُولَٰئِكَ- ulaa'ika- Those.



آوَىٰ - Aawaa - give someone a refuge in a moment of danger.أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيمًا فَآوَىٰ
Did He not find you [O Muhammad] an orphan and give [you] Aawaa? [Duha 93:6]


Related words;
Eewaa إوا - to bring someone inside your house as a guest.


إِنَّ inna -certainly/surely. One of its main functions is to remove doubt.


إنسان- Insaan[the human] - from Nisyaan- forgetfulness.And Unsأنس - Affection.

The human might be reminded about something - but soon he forgets. And he is affectionate and loves it.

Insaan إنسان -Categorises ALL human beings, but it is also used in the singular form - Human.

Other similar words;
al Fard الفرد : the Individual
an-Nafs النفس - the person [conscience of the person]
an-Naas الناس - people [collectively].





آنِيَةٍ - Aaniyah- anaأنا / ya'ni ياني - al Aan ال آن (meaning 'Now') - ism fa'il version of Ana أنا- of the time to have come (meaning 'Now').

In this context -
When you have put water on heat and the time it's about to reach boiling point - that is called Aan-iyah. The people of hellfire will drink from that.

So this spring only gushes out when the heat has reached its peak, just before boiling point. And
they are made to open their mouth and drink it like animals [tuSka تسقي ].

[mentioned in surah
Ghashiyah 88:5]

Similar words;
Ghalyun [كَغَلْيِ الْحَمِيمِ [In surah Dukhan [44:46].] This is when boiling water comes out and froths up. Allah describes the people drinking the water, and after that it comes out of their bodies like froth.




إِيَابَ - Iyaab - the final return.

Similar words;
Rujoo' رجوع- Return [from Raj' رجع ]. I.e. You (rujoo') return to your home continuously.



أَيْنَ- Ayna - Where?

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